Automated video tracking systems such as Ethovision® can be used to track and record insect behavioral response, providing a more objective measure of insecticide efficacy than visual categorizations.

Phosphine-susceptible or resistant populations of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica adults were exposed to 0 (control), 1000 and 3000 ppm of phosphine for 15 or 90 min, to estimate behavioral and mobility responses after exposure to phosphine. Individuals of R. dominica moved less than those of T. castaneum and there were significant differences in mobility between susceptible and resistant populations for both species tested.

PI165673 antibiosis resistance is polygenic and reduces D. texanus egg oviposition, larval density and could affect development of first-instar larvae. However, surviving larvae can tunnel into PI165673 stems, develop until the sixth-instar stage, and potentially cause girdling damage.

Adults exposed to chlorfenapyr were not initially knocked down after exposure but most died days after. The storage of the treated dishes in illuminated or non-illuminated conditions did not affect the insecticidal effect of either insecticide.

Dosimeter tubes were compared to phosphine monitoring data.

Normally larvae are more likely to walk upwind if a semiochemical lure is present. Exposure to textured netting makes larvae less likely to move in wind tunnel. Insecticide treatment on netting increases larval movement, particularly upwind.

Some individuals can recover after exposure to LLIN, dependent on exposure duration and environmental factors, but sublethal effects likely persist and future work should consider the physiology of T. castaneum before, during, and after exposure to LLIN.

Synthesized knowledge on semiochemical-mediated, behaviorally-based tactics, wherein semiochemicals are deployed to manipulate pest behavior to protect commodities.

Sanitation programs in post-harvest environments are extremely important and it may be beneficial to pair chemical control with monitoring to prevent dispersal of affected insects to new areas of a facility.

All of S. oryzae and R. dominica adults were either affected or dead 1 d after a 60 min exposure to LLIN, and T. castaneum adults ranged from 90 to 100%. No long-distance or contact repellency to the LLIN was observed among all species, suggesting that these species will not actively avoid the netting.

Increasing percentages of treated brown rice mixed with untreated brown rice led to decreased progeny production and damage.

LLIN was highly effective when used alone or in interception traps to halt immigrating stored product insects.

Describes the manuscript publication process as it is today, provides some brief guidelines for constructing the components of the manuscript, and lists methods for minimizing the potential for rejection or major revision by journal reviewers

Movement of R. dominica, C. ferrugineus, and S. oryzae decreased with increasing concentration and exposure time.

Tribolium castaneum can develop on milled sorghum fractions. The percentage of adult emergence varied among fractions at all temperatures.

Grain aeration may be an effective additional tactic that can support insecticide-free pest management in Slovenia for grain protection.

This study evaluated a new (Gravista) and existing formulation (Diacon IGR+) of insecticide and found assessing progeny production in two different ways yielded similar results.

The efficacy of phosphine was tested against different life stages of Trogoderma inclusum and Dermestes maculatus. For both species, eggs were by far the most tolerant life stage. With the exception of eggs, mortality was 100% or close at 50 ppm of phosphine.

Results show that acclimation played a limited role in adult survival of five of the six tested species.

Only Halyomorpha halys males produced vibrational signals, yet there was no correlation between movement and vibrations.

Nets treated with food-grade coatings controlled mold on hams in aging facilities. Nets reduced mold and mite growth in a mite-infested aging room. Treatment hams had negligible propylene glycol and were safe for human consumption.

Fumigating pecans with sulfuryl fluoride can control larval pecan weevil infestations in commercially traded nuts and maintain compliance with quarantine regulations both within and outside the United States.

Rhyzopertha dominica adults were released at various distances from traps. Traps had pheromone (different concentrations) alone or together with kairomone. Pheromone + kairomone attracts more R. dominica adults than pheromone alone. Highest attraction of R. dominica occurs until 70 cm from pheromone. Pheromone at 100 μL/1 m2 provides the maximum attraction of R. dominica adults.

The aggregation pheromones of both walking T. castaneum and R. dominica attract individuals optimally 30–60 cm away. Flying R. dominica were captured optimally in traps deployed up to 10 cm above the ground by its aggregation pheromones. Use of more than one pheromone for trapping would resolve practical limitations with monitoring.

Dead dermestids produce oleic acid, which is repellent to conspecifics.

This research showed that a dust cover can be applied to the top of a baited pitfall trap and significantly improve capture of beetles in dusty environments of a flourmill. The dust cover was incorporated into the commercial pitfall trap product and now is known as the Dome trap, which is widely used for pest management of flour beetles and other stored product insects throughout the grain and food industries in many countries.

Summarized that human PSPs and similar PSPs in model mammals belong to two different classes of proteolytic enzymes, to different clans, families, and subfamilies, but have a number of common properties.

The major advantage of the Gln-containing substrates is the selectivity for cysteine peptidases compared to non-selective commercially available substrates, containing Arg in P1 position.

Multiple short exposures to a long-lasting insecticide netting with deltamethrin had the same effect on mortality as a single, longer duration exposure.

Results suggest that warehouse beetles can adapt to cold stress quickly, but in the absence of cold stress, the proportion of cold-tolerant/susceptible individuals is quickly reduced, suggesting that some of the mutations responsible for these phenotypes may be associated with fitness costs under normal conditions.

Details both oviposition risk and developmental timing of T. castaneum on 18 different types of commercially available flour.

Over 150 references from primary and secondary literature on RLHB are reviewed. The RLHB is ecologically a scavenger and predator with forensic relevance. The RLHB is a critical pest of durable postharvest products high fat and protein. Products at risk include dried ham, bacon, fish, museum artifacts, copra and spices.

Larvae of the red-legged ham beetle, Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius), were the most tolerant life stages when treated with either phosphine or methyl bromide for 48 h exposure at 23°C, whereas eggs of the mold mite, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), were slightly more tolerant than mobile stages for both compounds.

The presence of the marking solution had no significant effects on adult or nymphal mobility, adult survivorship, nymphal development, or adult flight capacity.

Accumulated data provides important clues into the interplay of metabolism and transcriptional remodeling accompanying defense responses to aphid herbivory in hybrid switchgrass.

High-powered lasers can be used to thinly slice and image grain to examine development of internally feeding insects and microbes.

Warehouse beetle cannot be used as a behavioral surrogate species for the quarantined khapra beetle, because each responds in a unique way to food and pheromone cues. Khapra beetle larvae showed attraction for the first time to conspecific pheromone.

Aeration implemented at the start of binning reduced insect populations far below pest levels in unaerated wheat, and may potentially eliminate the need for fumigations.

In this review, we critically analyze the published literature in the area of phosphine resistance with special emphasis on the methods available for detection of resistance, the genetic basis of resistance development, key management strategies, and research gaps that need to be addressed.

To develop genetic resources for the improvement of insects as food, we sequenced transcripts from embryos, one-day hatchlings, three nymphal stages, and male and female adults of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus. Further characterized genes that may be important in future studies of genetically modified crickets for improved food production.

The maize weevil is a superior competitor at lower temperatures, while larger grain borer is the superior competitor at higher temperatures; under climate change, the larger grain borer is expected to be favored, which is troubling because most grain damage in this study was attributable to the larger grain borer.

These results suggest that cytochrome c oxidase may not be the main target for ethanedinitrile toxicity.

NIR spectroscopy has the potential to be used for detection of pesticide residues in bulk rice, specifically chlorpyrifosmethyl residues.

The fatty acid, C8C9C10 (10%) controlled mite population growth, but imparted sensory differences. Soybean oil (100%) controlled mite growth. Soybean oil was an effective solvent for delivering C8C9C10.

Variation in transcriptional responses of D. noxia and S. graminum to the Dn7 in 94M370 plants and to the Dn4 resistance gene in Yumar plants suggests that the mechanisms underlying the evolution of virulent biotypes of these aphids are likely to be species-specific, even in cases where genes show some level of cross resistance.

Various applications of sex pheromones, plant oils and spinosad ensure the better protection of cereal-based agricultural produce from insect infestation during storage.

Mating status of C. cautella is influenced by ZETA:ZTA ratio, sex ratio, and population size.

Spinosad and spinetoram were evaluated against Cadra cautella larvae. Both insecticides suppressed larval survival, adult emergence and progeny production. Spinosad did not alter mating of adult Cadra cautella following exposure as larvae. Spinosad is more effective than spinetoram.

The commercial deltamethrin-treated packaging material is highly effective on T. granarium.

Multiple release application method provided the greatest residual effect on T. confusum larvae for the pyrethrin + pyriproxyfen aerosol.

Analysis of the 1.15-Gb draft genome assembly identified a wide variety of genetic elements underpinning the biological characteristics of this formidable pest species, encompassing the roles of sensory functions, digestion, immunity, detoxification and development, all of which likely support H. halys’ capacity for invasiveness.

LLIN is effective at preventing the dispersal and movement of both adult and immature life stages of stored product insects, but has a greater effect on adults, which are the dispersing life stage.

This study recommends protocols to manage strongly resistant R. dominica populations provided that a minimum phosphine concentration of 400 ppm be maintained at 25° C or higher for up to 10 days.

Findings from this study may provide information for the development of mating disruption techniques that can delay mating and may be effective in keeping populations of L. serricorne below levels that would warrant a control action.

Findings from this study may provide information for the development of mating disruption techniques that can delay mating and may be effective in keeping populations of L. serricorne below levels that would warrant a control action.

Wheat, corn, and brown rice were treated with different combinations of a deltamethrin suspension concentrate (SC) formulation and a new emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation.

The new deltamethrin formulation could be used for protection of brown rice, but S. cerealella may be less susceptible to deltamethrin compared to R. dominica.

Rice components and by-products support development of red flour beetle. The authors found that temperature affects how long it took beetles to develop, but not eventual adult emergence. Growth rate increased with temperature.

Survival of adult Tribolium confusum increases as aerosol particle size decreases. Survival also increases as concentration decreases but there is an interaction with particle size.

Two insecticides were evaluated, the Polyzone® formulation of deltamethrin and a formulation of the insect growth regulator methoprene combined with deltamethrin and the synergist piperonyl butoxide.

Tribolium castaneum can quickly depleted food resources of brown rice or rice flour. Adult populations initially stabilize but then can increase if temperatures equal or exceed 27°C. Larval and pupal numbers remain low when adult populations are high

In both Summer and Autumn knockdown was quickest on those arenas held inside the lab. Differences between application rates were only detected during the Autumn studies.

The larger grain borer has the potential to expand to new areas of the world given the climatic suitability of other areas, especially under climate change.

The khapra beetle is an important quarantine pest for many countries, including the major wheat-producing countries the United States, Canada, Russia, and Australia, and has been classified as one of the 100 worst invasive species worldwide. We synthesize key published work to draw attention to advances in biology, detection and control of the khapra beetle, and directions to consider for future research.

Different psocid species were proved susceptible to aerosol applications with pyrethrum and methoprene. The reduction of the size of the droplet reduced the efficacy of the insecticides for all species.

Individual stored-product insect species may have mixed susceptibility to cold temperatures.

Post-exposure, most phosphine-susceptible adults were dead, but most -resistant adults recovered. Time-to-immobilization was inversely proportional to time-to-recovery.

A quick diagnostic test for resistance of insects to phosphine was evaluated. For laboratory populations, diagnosis required 8–14 min at 3000 ppm. For some field populations, immobilization was not 100% after 300 min at 3000 ppm.

The solar biomass hybrid dryer effectively dries and disinfests maize. The solar biomass hybrid dryer facilitates postharvest loss reduction.

The wireless phosphine sensors provided a convenient way to monitor fumigation treatments which involved less labor than the hand-held phosphine meter and the air sampling system.